Xi Jinping Meets with Myanmar's Leader Min Aung Hlaing
On the afternoon of May 9, 2025 local time, President Xi Jinping met with Myanmar's leader Min Aung Hlaing in Moscow on the sidelines of the celebrations marking the 80th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union.Xi Jinping pointed out that China and Myanmar has established a community with a shared future featuring mutual assistance through thick and thin. The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence and the Bandung Spirit jointly advocated by China and Myanmar have stood the test of time, with their relevance becoming increasingly prominent. This year marks the 75th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries. China pursues a policy of fostering an amicable, secure and prosperous neighborhood, follows the principle of amity, sincerity, mutual benefit and inclusiveness, and shares the same destiny with its neighbors. China will work with Myanmar to deepen the building of a community with a shared future, jointly advance high-quality Belt and Road cooperation, deliver on the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative and the Global Civilization Initiative, and bring more benefits to the people of the two countries. Not long ago, in the aftermath of the severe earthquake in Mandalay that caused significant casualties and property damage, China moved the fastest to send rescue teams and emergency humanitarian supplies and China will continue supporting Myanmar in reconstruction. China supports Myanmar in pursuing a development path suited to its national conditions, safeguarding sovereignty, independence, territorial integrity and national stability, and advancing its domestic political agenda in a prudent manner. Both sides should deepen strategic cooperation and continuously promote the construction of key projects in the China-Myanmar Economic Corridor. It is hoped that the Myanmar side will earnestly ensure the safety of Chinese personnel, institutions and projects in Myanmar and intensify efforts to crack down on cross-border crimes such as online gambling and telecom fraud. Both sides should jointly safeguard the international system with the United Nations at its core and the international order based on international law, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of developing countries.Min Aung Hlaing said that after Myanmar was hit by the earthquake, China promptly expressed sincere condolences to the Myanmar side, was among the first to provide assistance to Myanmar and supported Myanmar in its disaster relief efforts. This demonstrated the pauk-phaw friendship and true friendship in times of hardship towards Myanmar, which the Myanmar people will always remember. Under the visionary leadership of President Xi Jinping, remarkable achievements have been made in Chinese modernization. Myanmar attaches great importance to its relations with China and is willing to always be a friendly neighbor worthy of China's trust. The Myanmar side is committed to promoting cooperation between the two countries in economic, trade, energy and other fields, and will spare no effort to ensure the safety of Chinese projects and personnel in Myanmar. The Myanmar side highly appreciates the three major global initiatives proposed by China and the vision of building a community with a shared future with neighboring countries, and is ready to join hands with China to address common challenges.Cai Qi, Wang Yi and others were present.
Xi Jinping Meets with Serbian President Aleksandar Vu?i?
On the afternoon of May 9, 2025 local time, President Xi Jinping met with Serbian President Aleksandar Vu?i? in Moscow on the sidelines of the celebrations marking the 80th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union.Noting his successful state visit to Serbia last May, Xi Jinping pointed out that over the past year, the building of a China-Serbia community with a shared future in the new era has got off to a good start with notable achievements. As profound changes unseen in a century unfold at an accelerated pace across the world amid multiple overlapping risks and challenges, China and Serbia should maintain strategic resolve, concentrate on managing their own affairs well, carry forward the ironclad friendship, deepen and expand mutually beneficial cooperation, and promote the building of a China-Serbia community with a shared future with high quality. China is ready to work with Serbia to deepen strategic communication, enhance mutual support, strengthen cooperation in trade and investment, continue supporting the construction and operation of relevant projects, give full play to their demonstrative effect, and achieve more outcomes that deliver mutual benefits and win-win results.Xi Jinping stressed that 80 years ago, the peoples of China and Serbia made important contributions to the victory on the Asian and European battlefields in the World Anti-Fascist War, respectively. China is ready to work with all countries in the world, including Serbia, to unite and cooperate to meet challenges, jointly safeguard world peace and international fairness and justice, safeguard the achievements of economic globalization, and promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind.Aleksandar Vu?i? said that China is Serbia's most precious friend, consistently offering selfless support and assistance to help Serbia develop its economy and improve the well-being of its people. Serbia firmly adheres to the one-China principle and always believes that Taiwan is an inalienable part of China's territory. Serbia is ready to expand economic and trade exchanges with China. It welcomes more Chinese enterprises to invest and do business in Serbia, and will provide a favorable business environment for them. Aleksandar Vu?i? expressed the hope that China will actively participate in the Specialized Expo 2027 Belgrade. Serbia commends China's steadfast support for multilateralism. China's visions and actions have bolstered the international community's courage and confidence in safeguarding common interests. Serbia stands ready to unite with China in addressing the challenges posed by unilateralism and protectionism.Cai Qi and Wang Yi, among others, were present at the meeting.
Joint Declaration of the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation on Further Strengthening Cooperation to Uphold the Authority of International Law
1.?The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation reaffirm their comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination in the new era. They firmly uphold the international system with the United Nations at its center, the international order based on international law, and the central role of the United Nations in international affairs. They reiterate the 2016 Declaration of the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation on the Promotion of International law.2.?The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation?believe that codification and progressive development of international law must take account of?the realities of a multipolar world, primarily within the efforts taken under the aegis of the United Nations. They support widest possible participation of States in UN treaties and uniform?interpretation and application thereof.?They also note the importance of using the potential of regional, subregional and cross-regional multilateral mechanisms, organizations and integration systems such as BRICS or the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, in elaborating norms of international law, if this is in the best interests of the respective region and participating States.3.?The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation reaffirm their full commitment to the United Nations Charter, the 1970 Declaration on principles of international law concerning friendly relations and cooperation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations as well as the basic principles of international law enshrined therein in their entirety and interdependence, such as sovereign equality and territorial integrity, non-intervention in the internal affairs of States, refraining from the threat or use of force in international relations, equal rights and self-determination of peoples, the pacific settlement of international disputes, fulfillment of international obligations in good faith, and international cooperation. They are also guided by the principles enshrined in the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. The principles of international law are the cornerstone for a multipolar world system,?just and equitable international relations featuring win-win cooperation, creating a community of shared future for mankind, and establishing a common space of equal and indivisible security and economic cooperation.4.?The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation share the view that the principle of sovereign equality is crucial for the stability of international relations. In line with this principle, States enjoy their rights on the basis of independence and on an equal footing, and assume their obligations and responsibilities on the basis of mutual respect.5.?States have the right to participate in the making of, interpreting and applying international law on an equal footing, and have the obligation to comply with international law in good faith and in a coherent and consistent manner. International treaties do not create either obligations or rights for third States without their consent.?Matters not regulated by international treaties, such as the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties and the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, continue to be governed by the rules and principles of general international law.6.?The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation reaffirm the principle that States shall refrain from the threat or use of force in violation of the United Nations Charter and therefore condemn unilateral military interventions not based on individual or collective self-defense or Security Council resolutions adopted under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter.7.?The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation share the view that each country has the?right to choose its development paths and political, economic, cultural?and social system independently in accordance with its national conditions and the will of the people. No model of national development should be regarded as exceptional or superior to others.8. The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation oppose and condemn unilateral sanctions that violate international law, in particular the principles of sovereign equality of States, State immunity and non-interference in internal affairs of States, and are not authorized by the Security Council, as well as long-arm jurisdiction and division along ideological lines, and emphasize that States have the right to conduct normal economic and trade cooperation.9.?The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation fully support the principle of non-intervention in the internal or external affairs of States, and condemn as a violation of this principle any interference by States in the internal affairs of other States, in particular when undertaken with the aim of forging change of legitimate governments. The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation condemn extraterritorial application of national law by States not in conformity with international law as another example of violation of the principle of non-intervention in the internal affairs of States.10.?The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation reaffirm the principle of peaceful settlement of disputes and express their firm conviction that States shall resolve their disputes through dispute settlement means and mechanisms that they have agreed upon. All means of settlement of disputes should serve the goal of resolving disputes in a peaceful manner in accordance with applicable international law, thus leading to de-escalation of tensions and promotion of peaceful cooperation among disputing parties. This applies equally to all types and stages of dispute settlement, including political and diplomatic means when they serve a pre-requisite to the use of other mechanisms of dispute settlement. It is crucial for the maintenance of international legal order that all dispute settlement means and mechanisms are based on consent and used in good faith and in the spirit of cooperation, and their purposes shall not be undermined by abusive practices.11.?The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation share the view that good faith implementation of generally recognized principles and rules of international law excludes the practice of double standards or imposition by some States of their will on other States, and oppose actions that violate the legitimate rights and interests of other countries and undermine the peace and stability under a false pretense of “rule of law” or a “rules-based order”. The adoption of unilateral coercive measures by States in addition to measures adopted by the United Nations Security Council can defeat the objects and purposes of measures imposed by the Security Council, and undermine their integrity and effectiveness.12.?The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation condemn terrorism in all its forms and manifestations as a global threat that undermines the international order based on international law. To counter this threat requires collective action in full accordance with international law, including the United Nations Charter.13.?The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation assert that international obligations regarding immunity of States, their officials and State property, including but not limited to property of the central bank or other monetary authority of State, diplomatic and consular property, cultural heritage of the State, must be honored by States at all times.?14.?The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation respect the rules of international law providing for the immunity of State officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction. They emphasize that under customary international law officials representing the State or exercising State functions enjoy immunity?ratione materiae?with respect to acts performed in an official capacity, while senior officials of States, including persons holding the offices of the Head of State, the Head of Government and the Foreign Minister, also enjoy absolute immunity ratione personae.?The purpose of immunity of State officials is not to benefit individuals but to ensure the efficient performance of their official functions as persons representing States. Violations of these rules contradict the principle of sovereign equality of States and may contribute to escalation of tensions.15.?The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation recall their commitment to constructive cooperation in the fields of criminal justice, law enforcement and security. National and multilateral mechanisms of criminal justice must not be abused for narrow political purposes to the detriment of international relations and the rights of States guaranteed by international law.?With this in mind, the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation?undertake to safeguard the immunity of each other's officials from their criminal jurisdiction under international law. In accordance with their respective treaty obligations and internal regulations, they refrain from assisting third parties, including third States and multilateral bodies, in exercising criminal jurisdiction over each other's?nationals in violation of generally recognized norms of international law. In particular, they will take full account of the immunity of each other's officials when considering requests for extradition or legal assistance made by third parties. They may continue the dialogue on this matter and carry out concrete cooperation through diplomatic channels.16.?The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation call for continued efforts to strengthen the system of arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation treaties?and at preserving its integrity and validity for maintaining global stability and international peace and security which is in the strongest interest of humankind. They emphasize the need to maintain the effectiveness and efficiency as well as the consensus-based nature of the relevant multilateral instruments in the field of disarmament, WMD non-proliferation and arms control.17.?The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation recall the Chinese-Russian proposal?of the?draft Treaty on?Prevention of the Placement of Weapons in Outer Space?and of?the Threat or Use of Force against Outer Space Objects and confirm the need to launch urgently on its basis of the negotiations on development of a multilateral legally binding instrument that would provide fundamental and solid guarantees for?the prevention of an arms race in outer space, placement of weapons in outer space, the threat or use of force against outer space objects. They also reaffirm the need to comply with and strengthen the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction (BTWC), including by its institutionalization and adopting a legally binding protocol to the BTWC providing for, inter alia, an efficient verification mechanism.18. The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation emphasize the important role of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea in maintaining the rule of law relating to activities in the Oceans. It is of utmost importance that provisions of this universal treaty are applied consistently, in such a manner that does not impair rights and legitimate interests of States Parties and does not compromise the integrity of the legal regime established by the Convention.19. The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation reaffirm that international cooperation to address climate change and other global challenges should continue upholding true multilateralism. They consider that the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and its Paris Agreement serve as the basis of climate change cooperation, and call on the Parties to stay committed to their purposes and principles, in particular the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities.20. The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation emphasize their joint commitment to plastic pollution prevention and control, support the conclusion of an international legally binding instrument on plastic pollution, including in the marine environment, and agree that the content of the instrument shall respect the country-driven approach and be?in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations and respective obligations under international environmental treaties.21. The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation reaffirm that international law, in particular the Charter of the United Nations, is applicable and essential to maintaining peace and stability and promoting an open, secure, stable, accessible,?peaceful and interoperable?Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) environment. They welcome the adoption of the first ever universal instrument of international law in the field of preventing and combating ICT crime,?the United Nations Convention against Cybercrime; Strengthening International Cooperation for Combating Certain Crimes Committed by Means of Information and Communications Technology Systems and for the Sharing of Evidence in Electronic Form of Serious Crimes. They support an early entry into force of the Convention to enhance international cooperation in preventing and combating ICT crime and a timely elaboration of an additional protocol to the Convention addressing, inter alia, additional criminal offences.?They also recognize that further development of international law in this sphere is required.22. The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation oppose using ICTs, in particular?artificial intelligence technologies, for the purposes of manipulating public opinion, spreading disinformation, intervening in other countries' internal affairs, social systems and social order, as well as jeopardizing the sovereignty of other States. They emphasize that artificial intelligence systems throughout their life cycle should be human-centric, reliable, explainable, ethical, inclusive, and based on applicable international law, in particular the Charter of the United Nations.23.?In line with their relationship of the comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination in the new era, the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation are resolved to further enhance their cooperation, including the promotion of equal and universal good faith interpretation and implementation of international law, to ensure the broadest possible support for the principles and rules of international law as expressed in this Declaration. They invite all States and international organizations to uphold these principles and rules and to cooperate in promoting?a just and equitable international relations based on international law, equal and indivisible security and respect for security interests of all States?thus contributing to?the building of a community of shared future for mankind.24.?Having in mind the 80th anniversary of the Victory in the Second World War that helped to shape the very structure of relations between nations in the modern age including the founding of the United Nations, the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation agree to jointly safeguard the?international system with the United Nations at its core,?the international order underpinned by international law, and the basic norms governing international relations based on the purposes and principles of the UN Charter,?as well as international fairness and justice.Done at Moscow, on 8 May, 2025.
Xi Jinping Exchanges Congratulatory Messages with King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden on the 75th Anniversary of the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between China and Sweden
On May 9, 2025, President Xi Jinping exchanged congratulatory messages with King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden to celebrate the 75th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries.Xi Jinping noted that Sweden was one of the first European countries to establish diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China. Over the past 75 years since the establishment of diplomatic relations, China-Sweden relations have remained generally stable, with continued expansion and positive outcomes in bilateral cooperation in economy and trade, science and technology, education, and people-to-people and cultural exchanges. President Xi Jinping said that he attaches great importance to the development of China-Sweden relations and is ready to work with King Carl XVI Gustaf to take the 75th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations as a new starting point to guide the two countries to enhance political mutual trust, deepen practical cooperation, strengthen personnel exchanges, jointly uphold multilateralism and free trade, bring more benefit to the two peoples and make greater contributions to world peace and prosperity.King Carl XVI Gustaf said that on the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between Sweden and China, he expressed sincere wishes for the continuous deepening of Sweden-China close cooperation, saying that he looks forward to the continued development of the friendly relations between the two countries.
JOINT STATEMENT by the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation on Global Strategic Stability
In the context of the 80th?anniversary of the Victory in the Second World War and of the founding of the United Nations, the People's Republic of China?and?the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the two?Sides) emphasize the utmost importance of maintaining and strengthening global strategic stability. Taking into account of the serious challenges facing the?international?community in the sphere of international and regional security, adhering to the strong consensus reached by the Heads of the two States, and acting in the spirit of previous joint documents on this?subject and the principled approaches set out therein, the two Sides state the following.The two Sides are convinced that the destinies of the peoples of all countries are interrelated; States and their associations should not seek to?ensure their own security at the expense and to the detriment of the security of other States. The two Sides call upon all States to adhere to the principle of equal and indivisible security on global and regional levels, make maximum efforts to eliminate conflicts in relations between States, build comprehensive, integrated?and sustainable security throughout the world on a collective basis.The two Sides emphasize the importance of maintaining constructive relations between major powers,?including in addressing global strategic issues. Nuclear-weapon States, which bear special responsibility for international security and global strategic stability, should reject Cold War mentality and zero-sum games, resolve contradictions?via dialogue on an equal footing and mutually respectful consultations, build confidence to avoid dangerous miscalculations and refrain from actions that generate strategic risks.The two Sides state with regret that not all of the five nuclear-weapon States follow such approaches in practice. The two Sides note with concern that against the backdrop of aggravation in the relations between nuclear-weapon States,?which in some cases has escalated to the threat of a direct military clash, a critical mass of problems and challenges has accumulated in the strategic sphere, and the risk of nuclear conflict has increased.One of the most pressing strategic risks to be urgently addressed remains the highly destabilizing expansion of existing and newly formed military alliances and coalitions that is being carried out by some nuclear-weapon States?close to the frontiers of other nuclear-weapon States in an attempt to establish or expand permanent footholds in such areas, which are particularly sensitive to them, for the purposes of projecting military power, exerting forceful pressure and committing other hostile activities that threaten the core security interests of those States. ??It?is also of serious concern that such activities are accompanied by the forward deployment of military infrastructure and advanced offensive, defensive and versatile weapon systems that can be employed to accomplish strategic missions?--?in particular, to perform decapitating and disarming strikes, while providing enhanced capabilities for missile interception.In this context, of particular concern are the plans and practical steps by individual nuclear-weapon States?to deploy outside their national territories ground-launched intermediate-range and shorter-range missiles with short flight time to a wide range of targets in the territories of other nuclear-weapon States. At the same time, accelerated development, procurement and emplacement of long-range missile systems of this and other similar classes are carried out within the relevant military alliances and coalitions not only by nuclear-weapon States, but also by their non-nuclear allies in?the framework of concepts involving the acquisition of counterforce systems for "deep precision strikes", "kill chains", "counterstrike capabilities", and etc. The two Sides strongly condemn such provocative activities that undermine regional stability and global security.Deeply destabilizing in nature is also the recently announced "Golden (Iron) Dome for America", a large-scale program designed to establish unconstrained, global, deeply layered and multi-domain missile defense system to protect against any missile threats, including all types of missiles from "peer and near-peer adversaries". First of all, this means a complete and ultimate rejection to recognize the existence of the inseparable interrelationship between strategic offensive arms and strategic defensive arms, which is one of the central and fundamental principles of maintaining global strategic stability. The project also provides additional impetus to the further development of kinetic and non-kinetic means providing for the left-of-launch defeat of missile weapons and the infrastructure that supports their employment.The situation is further aggravated by the fact that the "Golden (Iron) Dome for America" program also directly envisages significant strengthening of the arsenal of means to conduct combat operations in space, including the development and orbital deployment of interception systems, turning outer space into an environment for placing weapons and an arena for armed confrontation.The two Sides oppose the attempts of individual countries to use outer space for armed confrontation and will counter security policies and activities aimed at achieving military superiority, as well as at officially defining and using outer space as a "warfighting?domain". The two Sides confirm the need to start negotiations on a legally binding instrument based on the Chinese-Russian?draft of the Treaty?on the Prevention of the Placement of Weapons in Outer Space and of the Threat or Use of Force Against Outer Space Objects as soon as possible, that would provide fundamental and reliable guarantees for preventing an arms race in outer space, weaponization of outer space and the threat or use of force against outer space objects or with their help. In order to safeguard world peace, ensure equal and indivisible security for?all, and improve the predictability and?sustainability?of the exploration and peaceful use of outer space by all States, the two Sides agree to promote on a global scale the international initiative/political commitment not to be the first to deploy weapons in outer space.The two Sides condemn the use of commercial space systems to interfere in the internal affairs of sovereign States and armed conflicts involving third countries.Among the provocative?actions undertaken by some nuclear-weapon States?and posing a threat to the security of?other nuclear-weapon States the one that stands out is the further development of schemes and means of so-called "nuclear sharing"?and "extended nuclear deterrence"?within the framework of relevant military alliances and coalitions, which provide for the employment of forward-deployed and (or) other nuclear weapons in the course of joint "integrated"?operations with formally non-nuclear allies, involving the use of bases in their territories, dual-capable platforms transferred to them and (or) their own conventional forces and means, including increasingly advanced missile and anti-missile weapons. This has high potential to provoke a regional and global arms race and further escalate tensions.The two Sides particularly note that the above mentioned offensive capabilities are openly designated by their possessors or, according to their features, can be employed for the purposes of delivering by means of high-precision conventional weapons or a combination of nuclear and non-nuclear weapon systems a supposedly "preventive"?or "preemptive"?strike, but in fact a first strike, in calculation to repel a radically weakened retaliatory strike with air and missile defense assets, thus making use of strategic advantage in offense and defense. At the same time, the integration of counterforce and missile defense components of this adventurous strategy is explicitly envisaged at the doctrinal level and implies, in particular, ensuring multi-factor support for "missile defense and defeat".The comprehensive implementation by individual nuclear-weapon States, with the support of their allies, of the specified conceptual and military-technical approaches, obviously aimed at weakening the reliability and effectiveness of the strategic deterrence capabilities of other nuclear-weapon States, indicates aspiration to ensure an overwhelming military superiority, "strategic invulnerability"?and ultimately "absolute strategic security". This fundamentally contradicts the logic underlying the maintenance of strategic balance and runs counter to the principle of equal and indivisible security. As a consequence, there is a combined threat of directly undermining global strategic stability, spurring an arms race and increasing conflict potential both among nuclear-weapon States?and in the international arena as a whole. Moreover, such a course of action calls into question the effectiveness of efforts to maintain predictability in the nuclear and missile sphere, as well as creates hardly surmountable obstacles to the constructive consideration of nuclear arms control and nuclear disarmament initiatives.The two Sides consistently oppose such a policy in the strategic sphere that is destructive for international security. The two Sides reaffirm their commitment to "The Joint Statement of the Leaders of the Five Nuclear-Weapons States on Preventing Nuclear War and Avoiding Arms Race"?of January 3, 2022 and to the principle enshrined therein that a nuclear war cannot be won and must never be fought. The two Sides call on all participating?States of the above-mentioned Statement?to fully adhere to its provisions in practice. This implies an unwavering focus on avoiding any military confrontation between nuclear-weapon States?and seeking politico-diplomatic solutions to existing disagreements on the basis of mutual respect and acknowledgement of each other's security interests and concerns.The two Sides stress that the priority tasks of preventing armed clashes between nuclear-weapon States, as well as reliable and long-term reduction of the conflict potential accumulated in their relations, should be addressed through comprehensive work on an equal footing with an emphasis on eliminating the root causes of fundamental contradictions and taking into account all the main factors affecting global strategic stability. The two Sides are convinced that preventive steps to avert crises and conflicts should have priority over attempts to "manage"?confrontation and its escalation, while joint efforts of nuclear-weapon States?to reduce strategic risks cannot be sustainable and truly effective unless encroachments by some participants of such efforts upon core interests of other participants are excluded.The two Sides confirm that arms control is an important means for strengthening international security and stability, while actions that undermine them simultaneously undercut arms control efforts. The two Sides will endeavor?to?practice true?multilateralism and support the central role of the UN and its multilateral disarmament mechanism in the arms control process. At the same time, the two Sides consider arms control as one of the elements of the comprehensive work to reduce potential for conflicts in the world and ensure global strategic stability.The two Sides believe that the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons(NPT) is the cornerstone of the international nuclear nonproliferation regime, essential to the global security architecture. The two Sides attach great importance?to guaranteeing the integrity, effectiveness and universality of the NPT, will continue to actively cooperate in the framework of its review process, and contribute to the success of the upcoming 2026 NPT Review Conference, while jointly preventing the use of the Treaty for political?purposes that have nothing to do with its provisions.The two Sides state that the efforts undertaken by the AUKUS (US-UK-Australia) partnership to establish military infrastructure of two nuclear-weapon States in support of the activities of their nuclear forces in the territory of a State Party to the South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty undermine strategic stability and provoke an arms race in the region.The two Sides also note the need for further cooperation on the issues of military application of artificial intelligence technologies both in bilateral format and at specialized multilateral venues, primarily in the framework of the Group of Governmental Experts of the High Contracting Parties to the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons on Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems.In the context of?commemorating?the 50th?anniversary of the entry into force of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and their Destruction (BTWC) by the international community, the two Sides reiterate their commitment that the Biological Weapons Convention should be fully complied with and urge the States?Parties to consistently strengthen it, in particular by institutionalizing and adopting a legally binding protocol with an effective verification mechanism. The two Sides express concern about the military biological activities of the United States of America and its allies and demand that they cease such activities that threaten the security of other States and relevant regions, both in their national territories?and beyond their borders.The two Sides confirm their commitment to building a world free of chemical weapons and call upon States Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction (CWC) to adopt all necessary measures to that end, as well as to restore the authority of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) and contribute to putting?the OPCW 's activities back to a depoliticized technical basis. The?two Sides note the relevance of multilateral efforts to prevent chemical terrorism and advocate for the adoption at the Conference on Disarmament in Geneva of an international convention on the suppression of acts of chemical and biological terrorism. The two Sides?urge?Japan to faithfully?fulfill its obligations in order to?fully and?completely eliminate as soon as possible the chemical weapons abandoned on the territory of the People's Republic of China. The Chinese Side supports the Russian Side in the elections to the OPCW Executive Council.The two Sides reaffirm adherence to the export control obligations under the NPT, BTWC, CWC, and stand opposed to the self-serving use by some countries of relevant mechanisms to technologically and economically contain other States and to apply?illegitimate policy of unilateral restrictive measures. The?two?Sides are committed?to the implementation of the UN General Assembly resolution "Promoting international cooperation on peaceful uses in the context of international security".The two Sides are confident that making progress in these directions would significantly improve the situation in the sphere of international security and would also strongly stimulate the creation of a climate favorable for the further advancement on the arms control and disarmament tracks, which is to be ensured on the basis of maintaining global strategic stability and adhering to the principle of undiminished security for all.The two Sides intend to continue in the most active manner to enhance?the coordination of their approaches and to deepen the practical cooperation on maintaining and strengthening global strategic stability, as well as to jointly address common?challenges and threats in this sphere.Moscow, 8 May 2025
Xi Jinping and Russian President Vladimir Putin Jointly Meet the Press
At noon on May 8, 2025 local time, President Xi Jinping and Russian President Vladimir Putin jointly met the press after their talks at the Kremlin in Moscow.Xi Jinping noted that he just held in-depth, friendly and fruitful talks with President Vladimir Putin, during which many new important common understandings were reached. The two sides jointly signed the Joint Statement Between the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation on Further Deepening the China-Russia Comprehensive Strategic Partnership of Coordination for the New Era on the Occasion of the 80th Anniversary of the Victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Soviet Union's Great Patriotic War and the Founding of the United Nations, and witnessed the exchange of multiple cooperation documents between relevant departments of the two countries, injecting new impetus into the development of China-Russia relations.Xi Jinping emphasized that Russia is the country he has visited most frequently as President of the People's Republic of China, and this marks his 11th visit to Russia.?Tomorrow, he will attend the celebrations marking the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union, which will also be his second time attending?this grand commemoration event after a decade.?The past decade has witnessed major turbulence and transformation in the international situation, as well as great growth and great leapfrog in China-Russia relations. The two countries have jointly witnessed the continuous consolidation and deepening of political mutual trust, and the continuous improvement of cooperation in various fields.?in the face of global, epoch-making and historical changes, China and Russia should firmly grasp the direction of bilateral relations and the prevailing trend in human development, step up with courage and conviction, engage in comprehensive coordination, and make new and greater contribution to each other’s development and revitalization and upholding global fairness and justice.China and Russia should carry on the long-standing friendship and be true friends tempered through trials and tribulations. Eighty years ago, in the face of brutal aggression of militarism and Nazism, the Chinese and Russian peoples stood united, fought side by side against a common enemy and wrote a remarkable and heroic chapter in history. The great friendship forged between the two peoples through the trials of war and bloodshed has laid a solid foundation for the high-level development of bilateral relations.?The two countries should deepen political mutual trust, enhance strategic coordination and advance bilateral?relations?toward a more mature and resilient future.The two countries should pursue mutual benefit and win-win cooperation and be good partners who help each other succeed. From overcoming hardships to deliver a large amount of urgently needed supplies to each other during World War II, to the current record-breaking bilateral trade volumes, the "high-speed train" of China-Russia mutually beneficial cooperation has taken an extraordinary journey through mountains and valleys, overcoming challenges and obstacles. China and Russia should continue to deepen practical cooperation in various fields and solidify the material foundation for their comprehensive strategic coordination, so as to bring more benefits to the people of both countries and inject?stronger momentum into global development.The two countries should uphold fairness and justice and be champions of the international order. China and Russia, as main theaters of Asia and Europe in World War II, have made decisive contributions to the victory of the World Anti-Fascist War and laid a foundation for the establishment of the post-war international order. As forces for stability, progress and development in the international community, China and Russia should continue to firmly stand together, resolutely safeguard the U.N.-centered international system and the international order underpinned by international law, and continuously promote an equal and orderly multipolar world.China and Russia work side by side and be forerunners in improving global governance. The future of the world should be decided by all countries?working?together, and the fruits of global development should be shared by all.?As major countries and key emerging markets, China and Russia both shoulder the lofty mission of making?global governance fairer and more equitable, and the two sides should enhance coordination?on?multilateral platforms such as the United Nations, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and BRICS, remain committed to true multilateralism, guide global governance in the right direction, and promote a universally beneficial and inclusive economic globalization.Xi Jinping stressed that in the face of a turbulent and complex international situation, China and Russia should?firmly uphold the spirit of lasting good-neighborliness and friendship, comprehensive strategic coordination,?and mutually beneficial and win-win cooperation. The two countries should stand together to overcome challenges, comprehensively elevate the level, scope and resilience of China-Russia relations, inject more stability into world peace and security, and provide stronger impetus for global development and prosperity.Cai Qi, Wang Yi and others were present.
President Xi Jinping Holds Talks with Russian President Vladimir Putin
On the morning of May 8 local time, Russian President Vladimir Putin held talks with President Xi Jinping at the Kremlin in Moscow. The two presidents had an in-depth exchange of views on China-Russia relations and major international and regional issues. They agreed to steadfastly deepen strategic coordination, promote the steady, sound, and high-quality growth of China-Russia relations, jointly uphold the correct historical perspective on WWII, safeguard the authority and standing of the United Nations (U.N.), and defend international fairness and justice.In May, Moscow boasts a clear sky and vast horizon. The Kremlin's commandant greeted President Xi as his limousine arrived at the Kremlin.President Putin held a grand welcoming ceremony for President Xi in the Georgievsky Hall. Amidst solemn welcoming music, President Xi and President Putin walked briskly from opposite ends of a red carpet, shook hands at the center of the hall, and posed for photos. A military band played the national anthems of China and Russia.The two presidents held small-group and large-group talks.President Xi noted that in recent years, through the joint efforts of both sides, China-Russia relations have maintained the momentum of steady, sound, and high-quality growth. Long-lasting good-neighborliness and mutually beneficial and win-win cooperation have become the defining feature of this relationship. The foundation of mutual political trust has grown stronger, the ties of results-oriented cooperation have become more robust, and people-to-people exchanges and subnational interactions have flourished. The China-Russia relationship in the new era is characterized by greater confidence, stability, and resilience. History and reality have fully demonstrated that the sustained development and deepening of China-Russia relations is a logical effort for keeping the long-standing friendship between the two peoples, a natural choice for helping each other succeed and achieve development and revitalization, and a response to the call of our times for upholding international fairness and justice and advancing the reform of the global governance system.?President Xi stressed that this year marks the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Soviet Union's Great Patriotic War, and the World Anti-Fascist War. Eighty years ago, the Chinese and Russian peoples made immense sacrifice and secured a great victory. Their pivotal contribution to world peace and human progress is a shining chapter in the annals of history. Today, in the face of unilateralist countercurrents, bullying and acts of power politics, China is working with Russia to shoulder the special responsibilities of major countries and permanent members of the U.N. Security Council with courage and conviction, uphold the correct historical perspective on WWII, safeguard the authority and standing of the U.N., firmly defend the victorious outcome of WWII, resolutely defend the rights and interests of China, Russia and all other developing countries, and jointly promote an equal and orderly multipolar world and a universally beneficial and inclusive economic globalization.The two presidents were briefed by their officials on cooperation in various fields.President Xi noted that China and Russia should keep to the overall direction of cooperation, steer clear of external interference, and provide a more solid foundation and more robust momentum for cooperation. The two sides should leverage their complementary resource endowments and industrial systems to expand high-quality, mutually beneficial cooperation in areas such as trade, energy, agriculture, aviation and aerospace, and artificial intelligence. They should build a high-standard framework for connectivity by synergizing Belt and Road cooperation and the Eurasian Economic Union. The potential of the China-Russia Years of Culture should be fully unleashed, with greater cooperation in education, film, tourism, sports, and subnational exchanges to foster closer people-to-people bonds. China and Russia should engage in closer coordination and cooperation on multilateral platforms such as the U.N., the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), and BRICS to maintain Global South solidarity, uphold true multilateralism, and spearhead global governance reforms in the right direction.President Xi emphasized that China?is building?itself into a modern socialist country and striving for rejuvenation of?the Chinese nation on all fronts through a Chinese path to modernization. China has the determination and confidence to overcome all risks and challenges. Regardless of changes in the external environment, China will firmly focus on managing its own affairs well. China will work with Russia to shoulder the special responsibilities entrusted by the times, uphold the global multilateral trading system, keep the global industrial and supply chains stable and well-functioning, and make a greater contribution to promoting each other's development and revitalization and upholding international fairness and justice.President Putin expressed a warm welcome to President Xi for his state visit to Russia and participation in the celebrations marking the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Soviet Union's Great Patriotic War. This visit is of great significance, as it will not only inject strong momentum into the development of Russia-China relations but also help safeguard the victorious outcome of WWII.President Putin said that the Russia-China relationship is built on equality and mutual respect. It is neither directed against any third party nor swayed by any transient matters. It is Russia's strategic choice to unswervingly advance relations and expand mutually beneficial cooperation with China. Russia firmly adheres to the one-China principle and consistently supports China's position on the Taiwan question. Russia will work with China to maintain close high-level exchanges, strengthen results-oriented cooperation in trade, investment, energy, agriculture, science, and technology, deepen people-to-people exchanges in education, culture, youth, and tourism, and further broaden the dimensions of cooperation in the Far East. Imposing high tariffs defies common sense and has no legal basis; it will only backfire. The two sides should enhance coordination and cooperation in multilateral frameworks such as the U.N., the SCO, and BRICS, support the progress toward a multipolar world, jointly oppose unilateralism, resist the abuse of sanctions and bloc-based confrontation, and safeguard the common interests of the international community.President Putin noted that both Russia and China had made tremendous sacrifice in the World Anti-Fascist War. Under the strong leadership of the Communist Party of China, the Chinese people fought heroically and achieved a great victory in the war of resistance against Japanese aggression, making a significant contribution to the victory of WWII. During those arduous war-torn years, Russia and China supported each other and forged a profound friendship that laid a solid foundation for bilateral ties. The two sides must uphold the authority of the U.N. and international law, defend the correct narrative of WWII history, safeguard international fairness and justice, and jointly create a brighter future for both countries and the world at large.After the talks, the two presidents signed the Joint Statement Between the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation on Further Deepening the China-Russia Comprehensive Strategic Partnership of Coordination for the New Era on the Occasion of the 80th Anniversary of the Victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Soviet Union's Great Patriotic War and the Founding of the United Nations.The two presidents witnessed the exchange of over 20 bilateral cooperation documents, covering areas such as global strategic stability, upholding the authority of international law, biosecurity, investment protection, digital economy, quarantine, and film cooperation.The two presidents directed the relevant departments of both countries to follow through on the consensus reached, enhance communication and coordination, promote results-oriented cooperation, and achieve more tangible outcomes.The two presidents also jointly met the press.President Putin hosted a welcoming banquet for President Xi at noon.Cai Qi and Wang Yi attended the events.
Xi Jinping Sends a Congratulatory Letter to the China-Russia Cultural Exchange Event Titled "Torch of Peace, Chapter of a New Era - Commemorating the 80th Anniversary of the Victory in the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggressio
On May 7, 2025 local time, President Xi Jinping sent a congratulatory letter to the China-Russia cultural exchange event titled "Torch of Peace, Chapter of a New Era - Commemorating the 80th Anniversary of the Victory in the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the Soviet Union's Great Patriotic War".Xi Jinping pointed out that 80 years ago, the Chinese people and the Russian people jointly made indelible historical contributions to the victory in the World Anti-Fascist War and forged an unbreakable great friendship with blood, laying a solid foundation for the high-level development of bilateral relations. 80 years later, with joint efforts of both sides, China-Russia relations have demonstrated renewed vitality and forged a new model of major-country relations.Xi Jinping emphasized that strengthening people-to-people and cultural exchanges is of great and far-reaching significance for enhancing mutual understanding, promoting good-neighborliness and friendship, and consolidating the social and popular support for the development of bilateral relations. He hopes that the media outlets of both countries will join hands to forge ahead with a shared mission and carry out warm and down-to-earth people-to-people and cultural exchanges that connect people's hearts, so as to inject new momentum into enhancing mutual understanding and amity between the two peoples, refresh the development of the China-Russia comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination for the new era, and make new contributions to the building of a community with a shared future for mankind.The China-Russia cultural exchange event titled "Torch of Peace, Chapter of a New Era - Commemorating the 80th Anniversary of the Victory in the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the Soviet Union's Great Patriotic War" was co-hosted by China Media Group and All-Russia State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company. On the same day, Russian President Vladimir Putin also sent a congratulatory message to the event.
Xi Jinping Arrives in Moscow for a State Visit to Russia and Attends the Celebrations Marking the 80th Anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union
On the evening of May 7, 2025 local time, President Xi Jinping arrived in Moscow by special plane to pay a state visit to Russia and attend the celebrations marking the 80th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union at the invitation of Russian President Vladimir Putin.Russian Air Force sent fighter jets to escort Xi Jinping's plane after it entered the country's airspace.Xi Jinping was warmly welcomed by Russian Deputy Prime Minister Tatyana Golikova and other senior government officials when his special plane arrived at Vnukovo International Airport in Moscow.The Russian side held a grand welcome ceremony at the airport. The military band played the national anthems of China and Russia. Xi Jinping inspected the guard of honor and watched the march-past.Xi Jinping made a written statement, and on behalf of the Chinese government and people, extended sincere greetings and best wishes to the Russian government and people.Xi Jinping noted that China and Russia are good neighbors always being there for each other, true friends sharing weal and woe, and good partners helping each other succeed. The two sides have successfully found the right way for big, neighboring countries to get along and forged the spirit of China-Russia strategic coordination in the new era. The independent, mature and resilient China-Russia relationship not only brings great benefits to the people of the two countries, but also makes important contributions to maintaining global strategic stability and promoting an equal and orderly multipolar world. This year marks the 80th anniversary of the victory of the World Anti-Fascist War and the founding of the United Nations. As major countries in the world and permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, China and Russia will join hands to defend the outcomes of the victory of World War II, resolutely oppose hegemonism and power politics, practice true multilateralism, and work for a more just and equitable global governance system. President Xi Jinping said that he looks forward to having in-depth communication with President Vladimir Putin on bilateral relations, practical cooperation and international and regional issues of common interest and concern, which will inject strong impetus into promoting the development of the China-Russia comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination for the new era. He also looks forward to joining the leaders of many countries and the Russian people in cherishing the memory of those who dedicated their lives to the victory of the World Anti-Fascist War, and jointly sending a strong message of safeguarding international fairness and justice.Cai Qi, Wang Yi and other members of the entourage arrived on the same plane.Chinese Ambassador to Russia Zhang Hanhui also greeted the delegation at the airport.When Xi Jinping's motorcade drove from the airport to the hotel, local residents as well as representatives of Chinese enterprises and students gathered along the streets to warmly welcome President Xi Jinping by holding red banners that read "Warmly Welcome President Xi Jinping to Russia for a Visit" and waving the national flags of China and Russia.
